About the African Arowana

The African Arowana, scientifically known as Heterotis niloticus, is the sole member of the Heterotidinae subfamily found in Africa. Unlike other arowanas, it is not a surface feeder and has a different diet, making it a unique addition to large aquariums. It is native to freshwater habitats across tropical Africa, from the Nile River to Senegal.

Appearance

African Arowanas have a robust, elongated body with large scales that are typically olive-brown to gray with a metallic sheen. The fins are often darker, and juveniles may have a more pronounced pattern. They have a distinct head shape with a mouth that is not as upturned as other arowanas, reflecting their different feeding habits. Adults can develop a more uniform coloration.

Size & Growth

Heterotis niloticus is one of the largest arowana species, reaching up to 40 inches (100 cm) in the wild. In aquariums, they typically grow to 24-30 inches. They require very large tanks and are fast growers.

Tank Requirements

A minimum tank size of 400 gallons is recommended for an adult African Arowana. The tank should be long and wide to accommodate their size. They are not as prone to jumping as other arowanas, but a secure lid is still advisable. Strong filtration and regular water changes are essential. Water parameters: temperature 75-86°F, pH 6.5-7.5, soft to moderately hard water.

Diet

Unlike other arowanas, Heterotis are omnivorous and will accept a wide variety of foods: high-quality pellets and sinking carnivore sticks, live or frozen shrimp, earthworms, small fish, and they also consume plant matter, so include spirulina-based foods or vegetable matter. They have a unique gizzard-like organ that allows them to digest plant material.

Compatibility

African Arowanas are generally peaceful with large fish but may eat smaller tank mates. Suitable companions include large catfish, plecos, large cichlids, and other robust species. They can be kept with stingrays if the tank is very large. They are less aggressive than Jardinis but still require careful selection of tank mates.

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